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<pubDate>Sat, 31 Jul 2010 17:30:08 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title>Botox Is Safe and Effective as Preventive Treatment for Chronic Migraine</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;PHILADELPHIA&amp;#8212;Patients with chronic migraine who were treated with onabotulinumtoxin A (Botox) showed significant reduction in frequency of headache days, compared with patients who received placebo, according to data presented at the 14th Congress of the International Headache Society.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Pooled results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III Research Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy (PREEMPT) 1 and 2 trials were reported by David Dodick, MD, Professor of Neurology at the Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, and colleagues. &amp;#8220;Based on data from a previous phase II trial of onabotulinumtoxin A, the PREEMPT clinical program (PREEMPT 1 and 2) was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of onabotulinumtoxin A in adults with chronic migraine,&amp;#8221; said Dr. Dodick. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;PREEMPT Design &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Participants included men and women ages 18 to 65 (mean age, 41) with history of migraine that met diagnostic criteria listed in the International Classification of Headache Disorders-II, did not use other prophylactic medications four weeks prior to baseline, and did not have previous exposure to any other botulinum toxin serotype. All patients also had 15 or more headache days per month, at least four distinct headache episodes that lasted four hours or more, and at least 50% of baseline headache days that were migraine or probable migraine. &amp;#8220;We were very clear about what constituted a headache day,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick said.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Subjects were randomized to onabotulinumtoxin A (n = 688) or placebo (n = 696), administered as 31 fixed-site, fixed dose IM injections across seven specific head and neck muscle areas, every 12 weeks throughout 24 weeks. &amp;#8220;An additional 40 U onabotulinumtoxin A could have been injected among three muscle groups (occipitalis, temporalis, or trapezius; total of eight sites) using a protocol-defined follow-the-pain paradigm,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick and colleagues stated. The maximum dose was 195 U at 39 sites. Randomization was stratified according to acute headache medication overuse. Change from baseline to 28 days ending with week 24 was the basis for all efficacy analyses. PREEMPT was conducted in 122 centers across North America and Europe. During the four-week baseline phase, patients recorded their headaches and associated symptoms in electronic diaries. The mean baseline patient diary-day compliance rate was 99% and remained high (greater than 93%) in both treatment groups during the 24-week phase. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pooled Analyses Reveal Positive Findings &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Mean frequency of headache days decreased more significantly among patients treated with onabotulinumtoxin A (-8.4) than with placebo (-6.6) at week 24, and at all other time points. Mean change from baseline for frequency of headache episodes also favored onabotulinumtoxin A at all time points, including week 24 (-5.2), compared with placebo (-4.9). Secondary efficacy variables included frequencies of migraine episodes, migraine days, moderate/severe headache days, total cumulative headache hours on headache days, headache episodes, acute medication use, and the proportion of patients with severe (greater than 60) Headache Impact Test (HIT)-6 score. Significant differences favoring onabotulinumtoxin A were found for all secondary variables in all time points, with the exception of acute medication use. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;We have seen that in previous comparative studies,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick commented. &amp;#8220;The only other two randomized controlled studies to be done in this population also failed to show a significant decrease in the consumption of acute headache medications when compared to the placebo group.However, when we went back and looked at the frequency of triptan use, we showed that both in PREEMPT 1 and PREEMPT 2, there was a statistically significant reduction in the consumption of triptans in the onabotulinumtoxin A group, compared to placebo, but not in other analgesics or pain medications.&amp;#8221; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Impact on disability in functioning and vitality, psychologic distress, and health-related quality of life were also assessed by mean change in baseline with total HIT-6 score and with the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, in the restrictive, preventive, and emotional domains. &amp;#8220;Patients treated with onabotulinumtoxin A achieved significant improvements in all of these areas, which I think is an important end point in this population,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick stated.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Adverse events occurred in 62.4% of the onabotulinumtoxin A group, compared with 51.7% in the placebo group. &amp;#8220;Most adverse events reported by patients were mild or moderate in severity, and adverse events resolved without sequelae,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick and investigators stated. Discontinuation occurred in 2.8% of participants in the onabotulinumtoxin A group, and 0.7% of those in the placebo group. In the onabotulinumtoxin A group, 8.7% of patients experienced neck pain. In the placebo group, 5.3% of patients experienced upper respiratory tract infection. These were the only adverse events to occur at a rate greater than 5%. &amp;#8220;Treatment-related adverse events were consistent with the known tolerability profile of onabotulinumtoxin A, and no newly emerged safety findings were observed,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick&amp;#8217;s group noted.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PREEMPT 1 Versus PREEMPT 2 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Although pooled analyses from the two studies showed overall positive results, the findings differed regarding primary end points between PREEMPT 1 and PREEMPT 2.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;In PREEMPT 1, onabotulinumtoxin A was not more effective than placebo regarding change from baseline frequency of headache episodes to headache frequency at week 24. There was a significant imbalance at baseline in the frequency of headache episodes between the onabotulinumtoxin A and placebo groups. In a post-hoc analysis of headache episode frequency during the first 14 days of baseline, no significant between-group differences were shown. When this baseline was used, significant between-group differences favoring onabotulinumtoxin A were observed at weeks four, eight, 20, and 24. At week 24, statistically significant mean improvements were also observed for frequencies of headache days (-7.8, onabotulinumtoxin A; -6.4, placebo) and migraine days (-7.6, onabotulinumtoxin A; -6.1, placebo). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;PREEMPT 1 included 341 patients randomized to onabotulinumtoxin A, and 338 to placebo. A total of 18 (5.3%) of patients receiving onabotulinumtoxin A reported serious adverse events, compared with eight (2.4%) receiving placebo. Neck pain (8.2%) and muscular weakness (5.9%) were reported by patients receiving onabotulinumtoxin A, while upper respiratory tract infection and sinusitis were experienced by 6.0% and 5.1%, respectively, of the placebo group. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;For PREEMPT 2, however, Dr. Dodick and colleagues found that onabotulinumtoxin A was significantly more effective than placebo (n = 358) in achieving its primary end point&amp;#8212;reduction in frequency of headache days. Patients who received onabotulinumtoxin A (n = 347) also had significant improvement compared with those who received placebo regarding all secondary end points, including frequency of migraine days, frequency of moderate/severe headache days, monthly cumulative headache hours on headache days, proportion of patients with severe HIT-6 score, and frequency of headache episodes. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Overall, 15 (4.3%) of onabotulinumtoxin A patients in PREEMPT 2 reported serious adverse events, compared with eight (2.2%) placebo patients. Neck pain and muscular weakness were reported by 9.8% and 5.2%, respectively, of patients using onabotulinumtoxin A. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Future of Migraine Treatment?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;Onabotulinumtoxin A is shown to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for the prophylaxis of chronic migraine,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick said. In addition, multiple IM treatments of onabotulinumtoxin A, from 155 U to 195 U per treatment cycle, were safe and well tolerated. &amp;#8220;Pooled analyses from the PREEMPT 1 and 2 trials demonstrate that treatment with onabotulinumtoxin A resulted in highly significant improvements in onabotulinumtoxin A&amp;#8211;treated patients versus placebo-treated patients in frequency of headache days in patients suffering from chronic migraine,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick&amp;#8217;s group reported.&amp;#8221;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!-- Author, references --&gt;



&lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;#8212;Laura Sassano&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suggested Reading&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;Lima MM, Padula NA. Santos LC, et al. Critical analysis of the international classification of headache disorders diagnostic criteria (ICHD I-1988) and (ICHD II-2004), for migraine in children and adolescents. &lt;em&gt;Cephalalgia&lt;/em&gt;. 2005;25(11): 1042-1047. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;Petri S, T&amp;#246;lle T, Straube A, et al. Botulinum toxin as preventive treatment for migraine: a randomized double-blind study. &lt;em&gt;Eur Neurol&lt;/em&gt;. 2009;62(4):204-211.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sidebar: Patients Treated With Botox Have Reduced MIDAS Scores&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;PHILADELPHIA&amp;#8212;Sustained reduction in migraine-related disability, headache days, and acute medication use were observed in patients treated with onabotulinumtoxin A, according to data presented at the 14th Congress of the International Headache Society.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Ira M. Turner, MD, of the Center for Headache Care and Research at Island Neurological Associates, PC, in Plainview, New York, and colleagues, retrospectively reviewed 40 patients treated with onabotulinumtoxin A for chronic migraine (15 or more headache days per month) or high frequency migraine (eight to 14 headache days per month) in three consecutive monthly treatment cycles. The primary end point was a reduction in Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores. Reduced headache days and acute medication use were secondary end points.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;The average MIDAS score at baseline was 62.8,&amp;#8221; Dr. Turner and investigators stated. &amp;#8220;Over the next three cycles, these scores were reduced to 29.2, 31.1, and 24.8.&amp;#8221; A reduction in headache days was also seen. &amp;#8220;These were reduced from a baseline of 20.7 headache days to 11.6, 9.8, and 9.6 days over successive cycles.&amp;#8221; A similar sustained decrease for acute medication intake was also noted, from a baseline average of 51.5 doses per month to 27.9, 24.4, and 21.4 monthly doses.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;This retrospective data review of our community-based experience with chronic migraine and high frequency migraine suggests a sustained response to regular onabotulinumtoxin A treatments at roughly three-month intervals in regard to migraine-related disability,&amp;#8221; Dr. Turner&amp;#8217;s group concluded. A concomitant persisting decrease in headache days and acute medication usage was also shown. &amp;#8220;In combination, these have resulted in much less time lost from work and social and family activities, as well as pharmaco-economic savings in terms of reduced acute medication, primarily triptan, usage.&amp;#8221;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;#8212;Laura Sassano&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suggested Reading&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;Lipton RB, Bigal ME, Diamond M, et al. Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for preventive therapy. &lt;em&gt;Neurology&lt;/em&gt;. 2007;68(5):343-349. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;19-Nov-09 10:30 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Botox Is Safe and Effective as Preventive Treatment for Chronic Migraine</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>&lt;div&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;PHILADELPHIA&amp;#8212;Patients with chronic migraine who were treated with onabotulinumtoxin A (Botox) showed significant reduction in frequency of headache days, compared with patients who received placebo, according to data presented at the 14th Congress of the International Headache Society.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Pooled results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III Research Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy (PREEMPT) 1 and 2 trials were reported by David Dodick, MD, Professor of Neurology at the Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, and colleagues. &amp;#8220;Based on data from a previous phase II trial of onabotulinumtoxin A, the PREEMPT clinical program (PREEMPT 1 and 2) was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of onabotulinumtoxin A in adults with chronic migraine,&amp;#8221; said Dr. Dodick. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;PREEMPT Design &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Participants included men and women ages 18 to 65 (mean age, 41) with history of migraine that met diagnostic criteria listed in the International Classification of Headache Disorders-II, did not use other prophylactic medications four weeks prior to baseline, and did not have previous exposure to any other botulinum toxin serotype. All patients also had 15 or more headache days per month, at least four distinct headache episodes that lasted four hours or more, and at least 50% of baseline headache days that were migraine or probable migraine. &amp;#8220;We were very clear about what constituted a headache day,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick said.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Subjects were randomized to onabotulinumtoxin A (n = 688) or placebo (n = 696), administered as 31 fixed-site, fixed dose IM injections across seven specific head and neck muscle areas, every 12 weeks throughout 24 weeks. &amp;#8220;An additional 40 U onabotulinumtoxin A could have been injected among three muscle groups (occipitalis, temporalis, or trapezius; total of eight sites) using a protocol-defined follow-the-pain paradigm,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick and colleagues stated. The maximum dose was 195 U at 39 sites. Randomization was stratified according to acute headache medication overuse. Change from baseline to 28 days ending with week 24 was the basis for all efficacy analyses. PREEMPT was conducted in 122 centers across North America and Europe. During the four-week baseline phase, patients recorded their headaches and associated symptoms in electronic diaries. The mean baseline patient diary-day compliance rate was 99% and remained high (greater than 93%) in both treatment groups during the 24-week phase. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pooled Analyses Reveal Positive Findings &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Mean frequency of headache days decreased more significantly among patients treated with onabotulinumtoxin A (-8.4) than with placebo (-6.6) at week 24, and at all other time points. Mean change from baseline for frequency of headache episodes also favored onabotulinumtoxin A at all time points, including week 24 (-5.2), compared with placebo (-4.9). Secondary efficacy variables included frequencies of migraine episodes, migraine days, moderate/severe headache days, total cumulative headache hours on headache days, headache episodes, acute medication use, and the proportion of patients with severe (greater than 60) Headache Impact Test (HIT)-6 score. Significant differences favoring onabotulinumtoxin A were found for all secondary variables in all time points, with the exception of acute medication use. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;We have seen that in previous comparative studies,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick commented. &amp;#8220;The only other two randomized controlled studies to be done in this population also failed to show a significant decrease in the consumption of acute headache medications when compared to the placebo group.However, when we went back and looked at the frequency of triptan use, we showed that both in PREEMPT 1 and PREEMPT 2, there was a statistically significant reduction in the consumption of triptans in the onabotulinumtoxin A group, compared to placebo, but not in other analgesics or pain medications.&amp;#8221; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Impact on disability in functioning and vitality, psychologic distress, and health-related quality of life were also assessed by mean change in baseline with total HIT-6 score and with the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, in the restrictive, preventive, and emotional domains. &amp;#8220;Patients treated with onabotulinumtoxin A achieved significant improvements in all of these areas, which I think is an important end point in this population,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick stated.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Adverse events occurred in 62.4% of the onabotulinumtoxin A group, compared with 51.7% in the placebo group. &amp;#8220;Most adverse events reported by patients were mild or moderate in severity, and adverse events resolved without sequelae,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick and investigators stated. Discontinuation occurred in 2.8% of participants in the onabotulinumtoxin A group, and 0.7% of those in the placebo group. In the onabotulinumtoxin A group, 8.7% of patients experienced neck pain. In the placebo group, 5.3% of patients experienced upper respiratory tract infection. These were the only adverse events to occur at a rate greater than 5%. &amp;#8220;Treatment-related adverse events were consistent with the known tolerability profile of onabotulinumtoxin A, and no newly emerged safety findings were observed,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick&amp;#8217;s group noted.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PREEMPT 1 Versus PREEMPT 2 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Although pooled analyses from the two studies showed overall positive results, the findings differed regarding primary end points between PREEMPT 1 and PREEMPT 2.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;In PREEMPT 1, onabotulinumtoxin A was not more effective than placebo regarding change from baseline frequency of headache episodes to headache frequency at week 24. There was a significant imbalance at baseline in the frequency of headache episodes between the onabotulinumtoxin A and placebo groups. In a post-hoc analysis of headache episode frequency during the first 14 days of baseline, no significant between-group differences were shown. When this baseline was used, significant between-group differences favoring onabotulinumtoxin A were observed at weeks four, eight, 20, and 24. At week 24, statistically significant mean improvements were also observed for frequencies of headache days (-7.8, onabotulinumtoxin A; -6.4, placebo) and migraine days (-7.6, onabotulinumtoxin A; -6.1, placebo). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;PREEMPT 1 included 341 patients randomized to onabotulinumtoxin A, and 338 to placebo. A total of 18 (5.3%) of patients receiving onabotulinumtoxin A reported serious adverse events, compared with eight (2.4%) receiving placebo. Neck pain (8.2%) and muscular weakness (5.9%) were reported by patients receiving onabotulinumtoxin A, while upper respiratory tract infection and sinusitis were experienced by 6.0% and 5.1%, respectively, of the placebo group. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;For PREEMPT 2, however, Dr. Dodick and colleagues found that onabotulinumtoxin A was significantly more effective than placebo (n = 358) in achieving its primary end point&amp;#8212;reduction in frequency of headache days. Patients who received onabotulinumtoxin A (n = 347) also had significant improvement compared with those who received placebo regarding all secondary end points, including frequency of migraine days, frequency of moderate/severe headache days, monthly cumulative headache hours on headache days, proportion of patients with severe HIT-6 score, and frequency of headache episodes. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Overall, 15 (4.3%) of onabotulinumtoxin A patients in PREEMPT 2 reported serious adverse events, compared with eight (2.2%) placebo patients. Neck pain and muscular weakness were reported by 9.8% and 5.2%, respectively, of patients using onabotulinumtoxin A. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Future of Migraine Treatment?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;Onabotulinumtoxin A is shown to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for the prophylaxis of chronic migraine,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick said. In addition, multiple IM treatments of onabotulinumtoxin A, from 155 U to 195 U per treatment cycle, were safe and well tolerated. &amp;#8220;Pooled analyses from the PREEMPT 1 and 2 trials demonstrate that treatment with onabotulinumtoxin A resulted in highly significant improvements in onabotulinumtoxin A&amp;#8211;treated patients versus placebo-treated patients in frequency of headache days in patients suffering from chronic migraine,&amp;#8221; Dr. Dodick&amp;#8217;s group reported.&amp;#8221;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;!-- Author, references --&gt;



&lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;#8212;Laura Sassano&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suggested Reading&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;Lima MM, Padula NA. Santos LC, et al. Critical analysis of the international classification of headache disorders diagnostic criteria (ICHD I-1988) and (ICHD II-2004), for migraine in children and adolescents. &lt;em&gt;Cephalalgia&lt;/em&gt;. 2005;25(11): 1042-1047. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;Petri S, T&amp;#246;lle T, Straube A, et al. Botulinum toxin as preventive treatment for migraine: a randomized double-blind study. &lt;em&gt;Eur Neurol&lt;/em&gt;. 2009;62(4):204-211.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman, Times, serif&quot; color=&quot;#003366&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sidebar: Patients Treated With Botox Have Reduced MIDAS Scores&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;PHILADELPHIA&amp;#8212;Sustained reduction in migraine-related disability, headache days, and acute medication use were observed in patients treated with onabotulinumtoxin A, according to data presented at the 14th Congress of the International Headache Society.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;Ira M. Turner, MD, of the Center for Headache Care and Research at Island Neurological Associates, PC, in Plainview, New York, and colleagues, retrospectively reviewed 40 patients treated with onabotulinumtoxin A for chronic migraine (15 or more headache days per month) or high frequency migraine (eight to 14 headache days per month) in three consecutive monthly treatment cycles. The primary end point was a reduction in Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores. Reduced headache days and acute medication use were secondary end points.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;The average MIDAS score at baseline was 62.8,&amp;#8221; Dr. Turner and investigators stated. &amp;#8220;Over the next three cycles, these scores were reduced to 29.2, 31.1, and 24.8.&amp;#8221; A reduction in headache days was also seen. &amp;#8220;These were reduced from a baseline of 20.7 headache days to 11.6, 9.8, and 9.6 days over successive cycles.&amp;#8221; A similar sustained decrease for acute medication intake was also noted, from a baseline average of 51.5 doses per month to 27.9, 24.4, and 21.4 monthly doses.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&amp;#8220;This retrospective data review of our community-based experience with chronic migraine and high frequency migraine suggests a sustained response to regular onabotulinumtoxin A treatments at roughly three-month intervals in regard to migraine-related disability,&amp;#8221; Dr. Turner&amp;#8217;s group concluded. A concomitant persisting decrease in headache days and acute medication usage was also shown. &amp;#8220;In combination, these have resulted in much less time lost from work and social and family activities, as well as pharmaco-economic savings in terms of reduced acute medication, primarily triptan, usage.&amp;#8221;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;-1&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;#8212;Laura Sassano&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suggested Reading&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt; 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; size=&quot;-2&quot;&gt;Lipton RB, Bigal ME, Diamond M, et al. Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for preventive therapy. &lt;em&gt;Neurology&lt;/em&gt;. 2007;68(5):343-349. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/13/</guid>
			<author>David Evans</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 16:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/10/</link>
			<title>Texas Neurology Doctors Chosen Among the Best in Dallas-Fort Worth</title>
			<description>&lt;h2&gt;Texas Neurology Doctors Chosen Among the Best in Dallas-Fort Worth&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;border-left-color: #ffffff; border-bottom-color: #ffffff; border-top-color: #ffffff; border-right-color: #ffffff&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.texasneurology.com/tpeople/wwwTexasNeurology4.1/iseladv/photos/96/D_Magazine_Photo-s.jpg&quot; width=&quot;178&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;10&quot; /&gt;In its October 2009 issue, &lt;em&gt;D Magazine&lt;/em&gt; published the results of a survey conducted among 4,800 local doctors who were&amp;nbsp; invited&amp;nbsp;to&amp;nbsp;cast their&amp;nbsp;votes for the Best Doctors in Dallas. In the confidential poll, doctors were asked to name two physicians they would send their parents or loved ones to in 40 specialties. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Only those with a valid Texas medical license were eligible. An outside firm tallied the results, and a panel of esteemed local physicians reviewed the list prior to publication.&amp;nbsp;The list was designed with the patient in mind; therefore, under the guidance of the panel, the list did not include specialties in which the patient has little or no say, such as anesthesiology or pathology. They also excluded pediatrics which is vast enough to warrant its own&amp;nbsp;special feature.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;The doctors selected from Texas Neurology include:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/WEl-Feky/&quot;&gt;Dr. Waleed El-Feky&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/sherzog/&quot;&gt;Dr. Steven Herzog&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/NBJenevein/&quot;&gt;Dr. Bruce Jenevein&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/AMartin/&quot;&gt;Dr. Alan Martin&lt;/a&gt;; and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/GTunell/&quot;&gt;Dr. Gary Tunell&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;22-Oct-09 1:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Texas Neurology Doctors Chosen Among the Best in Dallas-Fort Worth</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>&lt;h2&gt;Texas Neurology Doctors Chosen Among the Best in Dallas-Fort Worth&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;border-left-color: #ffffff; border-bottom-color: #ffffff; border-top-color: #ffffff; border-right-color: #ffffff&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.texasneurology.com/tpeople/wwwTexasNeurology4.1/iseladv/photos/96/D_Magazine_Photo-s.jpg&quot; width=&quot;178&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;10&quot; /&gt;In its October 2009 issue, &lt;em&gt;D Magazine&lt;/em&gt; published the results of a survey conducted among 4,800 local doctors who were&amp;nbsp; invited&amp;nbsp;to&amp;nbsp;cast their&amp;nbsp;votes for the Best Doctors in Dallas. In the confidential poll, doctors were asked to name two physicians they would send their parents or loved ones to in 40 specialties. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Only those with a valid Texas medical license were eligible. An outside firm tallied the results, and a panel of esteemed local physicians reviewed the list prior to publication.&amp;nbsp;The list was designed with the patient in mind; therefore, under the guidance of the panel, the list did not include specialties in which the patient has little or no say, such as anesthesiology or pathology. They also excluded pediatrics which is vast enough to warrant its own&amp;nbsp;special feature.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;The doctors selected from Texas Neurology include:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/WEl-Feky/&quot;&gt;Dr. Waleed El-Feky&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/sherzog/&quot;&gt;Dr. Steven Herzog&lt;/a&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/NBJenevein/&quot;&gt;Dr. Bruce Jenevein&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/AMartin/&quot;&gt;Dr. Alan Martin&lt;/a&gt;; and&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/GTunell/&quot;&gt;Dr. Gary Tunell&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/10/</guid>
			<author>David Evans</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

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			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/8/</link>
			<title>Texas Neurology. P.A. Newsletter 23-Feb-09</title>
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                                    &lt;br&gt;
                                    Welcome to the Texas Neurology. P.A. newsletter of upcoming events, articles, jobs and more from our membership.&lt;br&gt;
                                    &lt;br&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/6/&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Texas Neurology Presents Staff Service Awards&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Author:&lt;/strong&gt; David Evans&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Release Date:&lt;/strong&gt; Friday 13-Feb-09 8:00 AM&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;div&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Texas Neurology would like to acknowledge the following employees' service to our organization: 5 Years: LaKyshia Ervin Margaret Hastings 10 Years: LeeAnn Mott Shirley O'Leary &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                                                &lt;strong&gt;Posted by&lt;/strong&gt;: David Evans &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/18/&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dr. Herzog is interviewed by Ch. 33 to discuss a link between migraines and mood disorders&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Author:&lt;/strong&gt; David Evans&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Release Date:&lt;/strong&gt; Thursday 29-Jan-09 10:45 AM&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Steven Herzog, M.D., Medical Director of the Headache Institute at Texas Neurology, was featured in a news story last night about Migraine... &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/18/&quot;&gt;[More Info]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                                                &lt;strong&gt;Posted by&lt;/strong&gt;: David Evans &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/jobs/v/3/&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Company:&lt;/strong&gt; Texas Neurology&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Date Activated:&lt;/strong&gt; Wednesday 28-Jan-09 0:00 AM&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Texas Neurology, P.A, located in the Lakewood area of Dallas, Texas is currently recruiting Nurse Practitioners and/or Physician... &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/jobs/v/3/&quot;&gt;[More Info]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                                                &lt;strong&gt;Posted by&lt;/strong&gt;: David Evans &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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                                    &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/rss/index/&quot;&gt;Stay up to date with our RSS feeds.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
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&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;23-Feb-09 9:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Texas Neurology. P.A. Newsletter 23-Feb-09</itunes:subtitle>
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                                    Welcome to the Texas Neurology. P.A. newsletter of upcoming events, articles, jobs and more from our membership.&lt;br&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/6/&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Texas Neurology Presents Staff Service Awards&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Author:&lt;/strong&gt; David Evans&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Release Date:&lt;/strong&gt; Friday 13-Feb-09 8:00 AM&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;div&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Texas Neurology would like to acknowledge the following employees' service to our organization: 5 Years: LaKyshia Ervin Margaret Hastings 10 Years: LeeAnn Mott Shirley O'Leary &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                                                &lt;strong&gt;Posted by&lt;/strong&gt;: David Evans &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/18/&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dr. Herzog is interviewed by Ch. 33 to discuss a link between migraines and mood disorders&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Author:&lt;/strong&gt; David Evans&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Release Date:&lt;/strong&gt; Thursday 29-Jan-09 10:45 AM&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Steven Herzog, M.D., Medical Director of the Headache Institute at Texas Neurology, was featured in a news story last night about Migraine... &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/18/&quot;&gt;[More Info]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                                                &lt;strong&gt;Posted by&lt;/strong&gt;: David Evans &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/jobs/v/3/&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Company:&lt;/strong&gt; Texas Neurology&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Date Activated:&lt;/strong&gt; Wednesday 28-Jan-09 0:00 AM&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
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                                                &lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Texas Neurology, P.A, located in the Lakewood area of Dallas, Texas is currently recruiting Nurse Practitioners and/or Physician... &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.texasneurology.com/en/jobs/v/3/&quot;&gt;[More Info]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                                                &lt;strong&gt;Posted by&lt;/strong&gt;: David Evans &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/8/</guid>
			<author>David Evans</author>
			<pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2009 03:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/6/</link>
			<title>Texas Neurology Presents Staff Service Awards</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;Texas Neurology would like to acknowledge the following employees' service to our organization:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;5 Years:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;LaKyshia Ervin&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Margaret Hastings&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;10 Years:&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div&gt;LeeAnn Mott&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Shirley O'Leary &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;13-Feb-09 8:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Texas Neurology Presents Staff Service Awards</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>&lt;div&gt;Texas Neurology would like to acknowledge the following employees' service to our organization:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;5 Years:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;LaKyshia Ervin&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Margaret Hastings&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;10 Years:&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div&gt;LeeAnn Mott&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Shirley O'Leary &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/6/</guid>
			<author>David Evans</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 13 Feb 2009 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/4/</link>
			<title>Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Opportunities at Texas Neurology</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Texas Neurology is currently conducting several MS research protocols for patients with Relapsing MS and&amp;nbsp; Secondary Progressive MS. If you would like additional information about any of these protocols, please contact Janey Phillips at 214.827.3610 ext 258.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;11-Dec-08 12:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Opportunities at Texas Neurology</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Texas Neurology is currently conducting several MS research protocols for patients with Relapsing MS and&amp;nbsp; Secondary Progressive MS. If you would like additional information about any of these protocols, please contact Janey Phillips at 214.827.3610 ext 258.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/4/</guid>
			<author>David Evans</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 11 Dec 2008 18:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/2/</link>
			<title>Optimizing Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis Patients</title>
			<description>&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;Shirley A. O'Leary, RN, MSCN; J. Theodore Phillips, MD, Ph.D &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Medscape Neurology &amp;amp; Neurosurgery.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#169; 2007&amp;nbsp;Medscape&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The varying diversity and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects the quality of life in young, child-rearing, and career-developing persons presents significant challenges to the healthcare professional. Neurologists, nurses, physical and occupational therapists, urologists, and primary care physicians are only a few among the vast interdisciplinary team who endeavor to not only evaluate but also strive to positively affect the quality of life in MS patients. As recent years have provided us with disease-modifying agents and improved options for symptom management, this previously elusive goal has become increasingly more tangible.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;The Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Optimization is the &quot;act, process, or methodology of making something as fully perfect, functional, or effective as possible&quot;.&lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt; Prior to the advent of FDA-approved disease-modifying agents a mere 14 years ago (eg, interferon betas, glatiramer acetate, mitoxantrone, and natalizumab), &lt;em&gt;optimization&lt;/em&gt; was not a term used in the discussion of MS. Now a paradigm shift is taking place.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over the years, much attention has been devoted to the development&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;of various tools with which to measure the quality of life in MS patients. One such tool, the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI), is a questionnaire that offers healthcare professionals a construct in which to view individual areas of concern as well as areas of stability. The MSQLI is a health-related quality-of-life assessment particular to MS and contains not only generic but also disease-specific components.&lt;sup&gt;[2]&lt;/sup&gt; To truly optimize the quality of life in persons with MS, it is imperative that healthcare professionals grasp the impact that these disease-specific components have in the lives of persons with MS, especially concerning those individuals without adequate coping strategies. Clearly, understanding each person's individual level of satisfaction with his or her perceived quality of life should translate to productive interventions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Along with innovative symptom management, truly life-altering disease-modifying therapies have created an environment of a supportive, self-efficacious, and wellness-focused MS population. Acknowledging that persons with MS have a fairly close to normal life expectancy and that the optimal goal of the currently available disease-modifying therapies is to slow the accumulation of disability over the disease course, rather than to cure, reiterates the importance of their impact on quality of life.&lt;sup&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt; Our role here, as healthcare partners, is to not only assist in treatment selection but to also provide education on realistic expectations, injection strategies (if applicable), and side-effect management.&lt;sup&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt; For instance, we&lt;sup&gt;[5]&lt;/sup&gt; and others have found that utilization of various prophylactic medications for interferon therapy-related side effects and injection-site management strategies, as well as dose titration consideration and timing, are necessary to insure successful treatment adherence and optimal outcomes. Ortega and colleagues&lt;sup&gt;[6]&lt;/sup&gt; recently reported significantly reduced injection-site reactions after the application of warm compresses prior to injection of glatiramer acetate. Failure to partner, support, and problem-solve with patients in important arenas such as these will most assuredly lead to patient dissatisfaction, perceived treatment intolerability, and discontinuation of therapy, thus potentiating a negative impact on quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Challenges Beyond Disease-Modifying Therapies&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Additionally, challenges to the healthcare professional to optimize the quality of life go far beyond the disease-modifying therapies. MS is a disease that comprises a complex variety of symptoms that, while possessing some commonalities, often vary widely in their presentation from person to person. Concerns such as bowel/bladder dysfunction, fatigue, cognitive deficits, spasticity, tremor, sexual dysfunction, and sensation disturbance are among some of the quality-of-life detractors that persons with MS may deal with throughout their lifetime. The remainder of this discussion will focus on potentially beneficial interventions relating to some of these problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One important caveat worthy of mention in any discussion of MS quality-of-life optimization is the likening to the ripple effect of the proverbial pebble cast into the pond which results in an ever-widening, far-reaching cascade. One symptom contributes to another and, sometimes counterintuitively, medication used to improve certain symptoms may contribute to the worsening of other symptoms. For instance, medications that have significant benefits on spasticity, tremor, or sensation disturbance can often lead to exaggeration of fatigue, increased issues with concentration and memory, and even depression. Awareness of these complicated interactions motivates healthcare professionals to look for innovative medication management personally tailored to optimize quality of life, such as combining lower doses of several medications as opposed to high doses of a single medication, in an effort to reduce side effects. In MS rehabilitation therapy, an educational strategy, in the form of energy conservation, is used to facilitate changes in behavior, hopefully minimizing fatigue impact .&lt;sup&gt;[7]&lt;/sup&gt; However, mediation of fatigue in any one individual is not the same in the next; comorbid conditions such as anemia or thyroid disorders, unrealistic work expectations and schedules with extensive recreational activities, along with a myriad of other psychosocial concerns may be factors to consider for some individuals but not all. Use of open verbal and nonverbal communication skills is necessary to elicit all factors contributing to fatigue.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Goldman Consensus Group&lt;sup&gt;[8]&lt;/sup&gt; reported that the rate of major depression is significantly higher in the MS population when compared with the US population at large. Furthermore, this group reported higher rates of depression in MS patients compared with other chronic disease states. This likely comes as no surprise to healthcare providers who interact with MS patients on a daily basis. Nor does it seem surprising that depression is just as likely to be problematic in a newly diagnosed patient with minimal neurologic impairment as in those profoundly affected. As mentioned above, depression, cognitive function, fatigue, and medication side effects often can be interrelated. Of note, depression is not unique to MS; those persons without adequate life coping skills or intact family/community support, or who have low levels of self-esteem or family histories of depression, may be at much higher risk and consequently more likely to succumb to depressive syndromes. Clearly, in order to optimize quality of life for patients, healthcare providers must take the time to identify those at risk for depression and develop interventions, both through counseling and pharmacologic management.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Coping Strategies, Health Behavior, and Psychological Adjustment&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A broad discussion of optimizing quality of life would be incomplete without reference to coping strategies, theory of health behavior, and psychological adjustment. These factors and the therapeutic interventions developed in response are of paramount importance to patient outcomes -- and ultimately quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health-related behavioral theories comprise the selection of a theory that brings an enlightened perspective to the problem at hand and is developed after thorough assessment of the need. The Health Belief Model is one of several health-related behavioral theories that have been used to both assess and explain health-related behaviors. In the 1950s, this model was developed by the US Public Health Department to evaluate nonadherence to preventative measures for asymptomatic diseases.&lt;sup&gt;[9]&lt;/sup&gt; There are 4 basic components to this theory: (1) the person's perceived susceptibility to acquiring a condition; (2) the perceived belief in the severity of the condition (consequences); (3) the perceived benefits of treatment or actions to decrease negative effect; and (4) the perceived barriers to treatment, such as cost.&lt;sup&gt;[10]&lt;/sup&gt; Added to the basic 4 components in subsequent years were cues to action (such as advertisement and physician reminder calls) and self-efficacy. Utilization of this model by healthcare professionals can be quite helpful in the arena of adherence to disease-modifying agents. Through education and partnering, healthcare professionals can concretely communicate the consequences and implications of no therapy (perceived severity), relate evidence-based outcomes of therapy (perceived benefit), and strive to minimize cost concerns, explain risk vs benefit, and involve family members (perceived barriers). Nursing care especially provides substantial impact on cues to action and self-efficacy through a comprehensive plan of care geared toward optimizing quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For many persons with MS, the unpredictability of exacerbations, extent of recovery, and impact of residual symptoms on daily life can challenge coping mechanisms. McCabe and colleagues&lt;sup&gt;[11]&lt;/sup&gt; noted that persons who engaged in more emotion-focused coping styles (wishful thinking) were more likely to experience poor psychological adjustment than were those who employed more problem-focused strategies. They demonstrated that women in general, both with and without MS, were more likely to focus on the positive and seek social support than were men, and that levels of fatigue and medication impact were factors in psychological adjustment and coping. There are numerous variables that affect any one individual's ability to psychologically adjust to a lifelong chronic disease. Aside from MS-related variables such as fatigue, cognition, depression, and medication effects, which affect coping strategies, there are factors related to family of origin. Some of these include -- but are not limited to -- cultural, ethnic, spiritual, and socioeconomic backgrounds, as well as family support. All of these factors need to be considered when generating an effective care plan for optimizing quality of life in MS.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In summary, everything we do as members of a collaborative interdisciplinary healthcare team is targeted at optimizing the quality of life of those persons living with MS. As strides are made in optimistic pursuit of new treatment modalities and strategies, it is important for healthcare professionals to &quot;pass it on.&quot; Pass it on to patients, and their families, friends, coworkers, other healthcare providers, and the community at large. Educate and teach so that MS patients do not cope by wishful thinking but have access to others who can problem-solve with them, who are prepared to &quot;act, process and make something as functional and as effective as possible.&quot; It's called optimization; pass it on.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Supported by an independent educational grant from Biogen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;References&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
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    &lt;tbody&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;
            &lt;ol&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved May 18, 2007 from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Fischer J, LaRocca N, Miller D, Ritvo P, Andrews H, Paty D. Recent developments in the assessment of quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS). Mult Scler. 1999;5:251-259. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/10467384&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Arnoldus J, Killestein J, Pfennings L, Jelles B, Uitdehaag B, Polman C. Quality of life during the first 6 months of interferon-b treatment in patients with MS. Mult Scler. 2000;6:338-342. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/11064444&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Denis L, Namey M, Costello K, et al. Long-term treatment optimization in individuals with multiple sclerosis using disease-modifying therapies: a nursing approach. J Neurosci Nurs. 2004;36:10-22. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/14998102&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Frohman E, Phillips T, Kokel K, et al. Disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis: strategies for optimizing management. Neurologist. 2002;8:227-236. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/12803682&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Ortega J, Bishop B, Robbins J, et al. Impact of warm compresses on local injection site reactions with self-administered Copaxone. Program and abstracts of the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC) 2006 Annual Meeting; June 1-3, 2006; Scottsdale, Arizona. Poster S60.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Finlayson M, Shevil E, Luo P, Chen H, Mathiowetz V. Effects of cognition on quiz performance, behavior change, and vitality after energy conservation course among people with multiple sclerosis. Int J MS Care. 2007;9:13-21.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Goldman Consensus Group. The Goldman consensus statement on depression in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2005;11:328-337. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/15957516&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Lai J, Cheng S. Health beliefs, optimism, and health-related decisions: A study with Hong Kong Chinese. Int J Psychol. 2004;39:179-189.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;US Department of Health and Human Services. Theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice. 2nd ed. September 2005. NIH Publication No. 05-3896. Available at: http://www.nci.nih.gov/PDF/481f5d53-63df-41bc-bfaf-5aa48ee1da4d/TAAG3.pdf Accessed June 15, 2007.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;McCabe M, McKern S, McDonald E. Coping and psychological adjustment among people with multiple sclerosis. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56:355-361. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/15046974&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;/ol&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;15&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/pi/global/ornaments/spacer.gif&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;J. Theodore Phillips, MD, PhD, Clinical Professor of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Director, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Texas Neurology, P.A., Dallas, Texas&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Shirley A. O'Leary, RN, MSCN, Multiple Sclerosis Nurse Specialist, Texas Neurology P.A., Dallas, Texas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
TEST 
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;18-Aug-07 11:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Optimizing Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis Patients</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;Shirley A. O'Leary, RN, MSCN; J. Theodore Phillips, MD, Ph.D &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;Medscape Neurology &amp;amp; Neurosurgery.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#169; 2007&amp;nbsp;Medscape&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The varying diversity and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects the quality of life in young, child-rearing, and career-developing persons presents significant challenges to the healthcare professional. Neurologists, nurses, physical and occupational therapists, urologists, and primary care physicians are only a few among the vast interdisciplinary team who endeavor to not only evaluate but also strive to positively affect the quality of life in MS patients. As recent years have provided us with disease-modifying agents and improved options for symptom management, this previously elusive goal has become increasingly more tangible.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;The Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Optimization is the &quot;act, process, or methodology of making something as fully perfect, functional, or effective as possible&quot;.&lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt; Prior to the advent of FDA-approved disease-modifying agents a mere 14 years ago (eg, interferon betas, glatiramer acetate, mitoxantrone, and natalizumab), &lt;em&gt;optimization&lt;/em&gt; was not a term used in the discussion of MS. Now a paradigm shift is taking place.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over the years, much attention has been devoted to the development&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;of various tools with which to measure the quality of life in MS patients. One such tool, the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI), is a questionnaire that offers healthcare professionals a construct in which to view individual areas of concern as well as areas of stability. The MSQLI is a health-related quality-of-life assessment particular to MS and contains not only generic but also disease-specific components.&lt;sup&gt;[2]&lt;/sup&gt; To truly optimize the quality of life in persons with MS, it is imperative that healthcare professionals grasp the impact that these disease-specific components have in the lives of persons with MS, especially concerning those individuals without adequate coping strategies. Clearly, understanding each person's individual level of satisfaction with his or her perceived quality of life should translate to productive interventions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Along with innovative symptom management, truly life-altering disease-modifying therapies have created an environment of a supportive, self-efficacious, and wellness-focused MS population. Acknowledging that persons with MS have a fairly close to normal life expectancy and that the optimal goal of the currently available disease-modifying therapies is to slow the accumulation of disability over the disease course, rather than to cure, reiterates the importance of their impact on quality of life.&lt;sup&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt; Our role here, as healthcare partners, is to not only assist in treatment selection but to also provide education on realistic expectations, injection strategies (if applicable), and side-effect management.&lt;sup&gt;[4]&lt;/sup&gt; For instance, we&lt;sup&gt;[5]&lt;/sup&gt; and others have found that utilization of various prophylactic medications for interferon therapy-related side effects and injection-site management strategies, as well as dose titration consideration and timing, are necessary to insure successful treatment adherence and optimal outcomes. Ortega and colleagues&lt;sup&gt;[6]&lt;/sup&gt; recently reported significantly reduced injection-site reactions after the application of warm compresses prior to injection of glatiramer acetate. Failure to partner, support, and problem-solve with patients in important arenas such as these will most assuredly lead to patient dissatisfaction, perceived treatment intolerability, and discontinuation of therapy, thus potentiating a negative impact on quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Challenges Beyond Disease-Modifying Therapies&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Additionally, challenges to the healthcare professional to optimize the quality of life go far beyond the disease-modifying therapies. MS is a disease that comprises a complex variety of symptoms that, while possessing some commonalities, often vary widely in their presentation from person to person. Concerns such as bowel/bladder dysfunction, fatigue, cognitive deficits, spasticity, tremor, sexual dysfunction, and sensation disturbance are among some of the quality-of-life detractors that persons with MS may deal with throughout their lifetime. The remainder of this discussion will focus on potentially beneficial interventions relating to some of these problems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One important caveat worthy of mention in any discussion of MS quality-of-life optimization is the likening to the ripple effect of the proverbial pebble cast into the pond which results in an ever-widening, far-reaching cascade. One symptom contributes to another and, sometimes counterintuitively, medication used to improve certain symptoms may contribute to the worsening of other symptoms. For instance, medications that have significant benefits on spasticity, tremor, or sensation disturbance can often lead to exaggeration of fatigue, increased issues with concentration and memory, and even depression. Awareness of these complicated interactions motivates healthcare professionals to look for innovative medication management personally tailored to optimize quality of life, such as combining lower doses of several medications as opposed to high doses of a single medication, in an effort to reduce side effects. In MS rehabilitation therapy, an educational strategy, in the form of energy conservation, is used to facilitate changes in behavior, hopefully minimizing fatigue impact .&lt;sup&gt;[7]&lt;/sup&gt; However, mediation of fatigue in any one individual is not the same in the next; comorbid conditions such as anemia or thyroid disorders, unrealistic work expectations and schedules with extensive recreational activities, along with a myriad of other psychosocial concerns may be factors to consider for some individuals but not all. Use of open verbal and nonverbal communication skills is necessary to elicit all factors contributing to fatigue.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Goldman Consensus Group&lt;sup&gt;[8]&lt;/sup&gt; reported that the rate of major depression is significantly higher in the MS population when compared with the US population at large. Furthermore, this group reported higher rates of depression in MS patients compared with other chronic disease states. This likely comes as no surprise to healthcare providers who interact with MS patients on a daily basis. Nor does it seem surprising that depression is just as likely to be problematic in a newly diagnosed patient with minimal neurologic impairment as in those profoundly affected. As mentioned above, depression, cognitive function, fatigue, and medication side effects often can be interrelated. Of note, depression is not unique to MS; those persons without adequate life coping skills or intact family/community support, or who have low levels of self-esteem or family histories of depression, may be at much higher risk and consequently more likely to succumb to depressive syndromes. Clearly, in order to optimize quality of life for patients, healthcare providers must take the time to identify those at risk for depression and develop interventions, both through counseling and pharmacologic management.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Coping Strategies, Health Behavior, and Psychological Adjustment&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A broad discussion of optimizing quality of life would be incomplete without reference to coping strategies, theory of health behavior, and psychological adjustment. These factors and the therapeutic interventions developed in response are of paramount importance to patient outcomes -- and ultimately quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Health-related behavioral theories comprise the selection of a theory that brings an enlightened perspective to the problem at hand and is developed after thorough assessment of the need. The Health Belief Model is one of several health-related behavioral theories that have been used to both assess and explain health-related behaviors. In the 1950s, this model was developed by the US Public Health Department to evaluate nonadherence to preventative measures for asymptomatic diseases.&lt;sup&gt;[9]&lt;/sup&gt; There are 4 basic components to this theory: (1) the person's perceived susceptibility to acquiring a condition; (2) the perceived belief in the severity of the condition (consequences); (3) the perceived benefits of treatment or actions to decrease negative effect; and (4) the perceived barriers to treatment, such as cost.&lt;sup&gt;[10]&lt;/sup&gt; Added to the basic 4 components in subsequent years were cues to action (such as advertisement and physician reminder calls) and self-efficacy. Utilization of this model by healthcare professionals can be quite helpful in the arena of adherence to disease-modifying agents. Through education and partnering, healthcare professionals can concretely communicate the consequences and implications of no therapy (perceived severity), relate evidence-based outcomes of therapy (perceived benefit), and strive to minimize cost concerns, explain risk vs benefit, and involve family members (perceived barriers). Nursing care especially provides substantial impact on cues to action and self-efficacy through a comprehensive plan of care geared toward optimizing quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For many persons with MS, the unpredictability of exacerbations, extent of recovery, and impact of residual symptoms on daily life can challenge coping mechanisms. McCabe and colleagues&lt;sup&gt;[11]&lt;/sup&gt; noted that persons who engaged in more emotion-focused coping styles (wishful thinking) were more likely to experience poor psychological adjustment than were those who employed more problem-focused strategies. They demonstrated that women in general, both with and without MS, were more likely to focus on the positive and seek social support than were men, and that levels of fatigue and medication impact were factors in psychological adjustment and coping. There are numerous variables that affect any one individual's ability to psychologically adjust to a lifelong chronic disease. Aside from MS-related variables such as fatigue, cognition, depression, and medication effects, which affect coping strategies, there are factors related to family of origin. Some of these include -- but are not limited to -- cultural, ethnic, spiritual, and socioeconomic backgrounds, as well as family support. All of these factors need to be considered when generating an effective care plan for optimizing quality of life in MS.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In summary, everything we do as members of a collaborative interdisciplinary healthcare team is targeted at optimizing the quality of life of those persons living with MS. As strides are made in optimistic pursuit of new treatment modalities and strategies, it is important for healthcare professionals to &quot;pass it on.&quot; Pass it on to patients, and their families, friends, coworkers, other healthcare providers, and the community at large. Educate and teach so that MS patients do not cope by wishful thinking but have access to others who can problem-solve with them, who are prepared to &quot;act, process and make something as functional and as effective as possible.&quot; It's called optimization; pass it on.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Supported by an independent educational grant from Biogen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;References&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;table&gt;
    &lt;tbody&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
            &lt;td&gt;
            &lt;ol&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved May 18, 2007 from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Fischer J, LaRocca N, Miller D, Ritvo P, Andrews H, Paty D. Recent developments in the assessment of quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS). Mult Scler. 1999;5:251-259. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/10467384&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Arnoldus J, Killestein J, Pfennings L, Jelles B, Uitdehaag B, Polman C. Quality of life during the first 6 months of interferon-b treatment in patients with MS. Mult Scler. 2000;6:338-342. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/11064444&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Denis L, Namey M, Costello K, et al. Long-term treatment optimization in individuals with multiple sclerosis using disease-modifying therapies: a nursing approach. J Neurosci Nurs. 2004;36:10-22. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/14998102&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Frohman E, Phillips T, Kokel K, et al. Disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis: strategies for optimizing management. Neurologist. 2002;8:227-236. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/12803682&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Ortega J, Bishop B, Robbins J, et al. Impact of warm compresses on local injection site reactions with self-administered Copaxone. Program and abstracts of the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC) 2006 Annual Meeting; June 1-3, 2006; Scottsdale, Arizona. Poster S60.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Finlayson M, Shevil E, Luo P, Chen H, Mathiowetz V. Effects of cognition on quiz performance, behavior change, and vitality after energy conservation course among people with multiple sclerosis. Int J MS Care. 2007;9:13-21.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Goldman Consensus Group. The Goldman consensus statement on depression in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2005;11:328-337. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/15957516&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;Lai J, Cheng S. Health beliefs, optimism, and health-related decisions: A study with Hong Kong Chinese. Int J Psychol. 2004;39:179-189.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;US Department of Health and Human Services. Theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice. 2nd ed. September 2005. NIH Publication No. 05-3896. Available at: http://www.nci.nih.gov/PDF/481f5d53-63df-41bc-bfaf-5aa48ee1da4d/TAAG3.pdf Accessed June 15, 2007.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;li&gt;McCabe M, McKern S, McDonald E. Coping and psychological adjustment among people with multiple sclerosis. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56:355-361. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/15046974&quot; cmimpressionsent=&quot;1&quot;&gt;Abstract&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;/ol&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;15&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.medscape.com/pi/global/ornaments/spacer.gif&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;J. Theodore Phillips, MD, PhD, Clinical Professor of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Director, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Texas Neurology, P.A., Dallas, Texas&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Shirley A. O'Leary, RN, MSCN, Multiple Sclerosis Nurse Specialist, Texas Neurology P.A., Dallas, Texas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
TEST 
</itunes:summary>
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			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/art/2/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sat, 18 Aug 2007 16:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/25/</link>
			<title>Texas Neurology Sleep Disorders Center in Dallas Receives Program Accreditation</title>
			<description>   Texas Neurology Sleep Disorders Center in Dallas Receives Program Accreditation   WESTCHESTER, Ill., Jan. 28- Texas Neurology Sleep Disorders Center in Dallas recently received program accreditation from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). &amp;#8220;The American Academy of Sleep Medicine congratulates Texas Neurology Sleep Disorders Center on fulfilling the high standards required for receiving accreditation as a sleep disorders center,&amp;#8221; said Dr. Clete Kushida, AASM president. &amp;#8220;The center is a significant resource to the local medical community and will provide academic and scientific value in addition to the highest quality care for patients suffering from sleep disorders.&amp;#8221;         To receive a five-year accreditation, a sleep center must meet or exceed all standards for professional health care as designated by the AASM. The accreditation process involves detailed inspection of a center&amp;#8217;s facility and staff, including an evaluation of testing...
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/25/</guid>
			<author>noemail@texasneurology.com</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 29 Jan 2010 23:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title>Sports Concussions</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fnWp5PgSt74&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/fnWp5PgSt74&amp;amp;hl=en_US&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;color1=0x006699&amp;amp;color2=0x54abd6&quot; width=&quot;560&quot; height=&quot;340&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/23/</guid>
			<author>noemail@texasneurology.com</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 16:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/18/</link>
			<title>Dr. Herzog is interviewed by Ch. 33 to discuss a link between migraines and mood disorders</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;Steven Herzog, M.D., Medical Director of the Headache Institute at Texas Neurology, was featured in a news story last night about Migraine sufferers&amp;nbsp;often being affected with&amp;nbsp; mood disorders and anxiety. Dr. Herzog commented on a recent study that suggests those who experience migraines are at an increased risk of suffering from mood and anxiety disorders. A patient of Dr. Herzog&#8217;s was interviewed as well.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;The story and video&amp;nbsp;are available at the following link:&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.the33tv.com/pages/content_landing_page/?Study-Migraine-headaches-linked-to-menta=1&amp;amp;blockID=198517&amp;amp;feedID=460&quot;&gt;http://www.the33tv.com/pages/content_landing_page/?Study-Migraine-headaches-linked-to-menta=1&amp;amp;blockID=198517&amp;amp;feedID=460&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/18/</guid>
			<author>noemail@texasneurology.com</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2009 16:45:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/13/</link>
			<title>Steven. P. Herzog, M.D. featured on NBC in national markets to discuss Medication overuse in Migraine sufferers</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;Steven P. Herzog, M.D., Medical Director of The Headache Institute at Texas Neurology discusses medication overuse in Migraine sufferers on NBC news. Full story and video can be viewed at:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nbcdfw.com/health/topics/Are-You-Making-Your-Migraine-Worse.html&quot;&gt;http://www.nbcdfw.com/health/topics/Are-You-Making-Your-Migraine-Worse.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/13/</guid>
			<author>noemail@texasneurology.com</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2009 19:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/12/</link>
			<title>Texas Neurology Physicians named as Super Doctors</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Super Doctors&lt;/em&gt; names 8 Texas Neurology physicians to their annual list of physicians who have attained a high degree of peer recognition and professional achievement. Those selected were Dr. Gary Tunell, Dr. C. Fish Greenfield, Dr. Waleed El-Feky, Dr. Alan Martin, Dr. J. Theodore Phillips, Dr. Daragh Heitzman, Dr. N. Bruce Jenvein and Dr. Steven Herzog.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The selection process includes a survey of peers in their community, Blue Ribbon Panel Review, Independent Research by Key Professional Media &quot;KPM&quot; followed by the final candidate selection process.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Many of the physicians at Texas Neurology have remained on the list of &lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Super Doctors&lt;/em&gt; for several years. you may obtain additional information at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.superdoctors.com&quot;&gt;www.superdoctors.com&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/font&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Pease direct any media requests or questions to David Evans at &lt;a href=&quot;&amp;#109;&amp;#97;&amp;#105;&amp;#108;&amp;#116;&amp;#111;&amp;#58;&amp;#100;&amp;#101;&amp;#118;&amp;#97;&amp;#110;&amp;#115;&amp;#64;&amp;#116;&amp;#101;&amp;#120;&amp;#97;&amp;#115;&amp;#110;&amp;#101;&amp;#117;&amp;#114;&amp;#111;&amp;#108;&amp;#111;&amp;#103;&amp;#121;&amp;#46;&amp;#99;&amp;#111;&amp;#109;&quot;&gt;devans@texasneurology.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</description>
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			<author>noemail@texasneurology.com</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 05 Dec 2008 14:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/9/</link>
			<title>MRI Capabilities Expanded with GE Signa HD 3.0T Unit</title>
			<description>  MRI Capabilities Expanded with GE Signa HD 3.0T Unit at the Diagnostic Imaging Center at Texas Neurology    Patients &amp; Referring Physicians Benefit from Increased Resolution and Capability                                          For many years, we have had the capability to provide magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to patients as an extension of the diagnosis and treatment services we provide. Recently, we not only upgraded our 1.5T system to meet the latest performance standards, but we added a new GE Signa HD 3.0T MRI that is truly a state-of-the-art system.    Proven in clinical practice, the Signa HD 3.0T makes the impossible possible. Thanks to GE-exclusive Signa HD (High-Definition) MR technologies that improve clarity, detail and process, the most challenging cases can be examined with conventional MR approaches.         Typical procedures conducted with the 3.0T MRI include neurological scans, spinal work and musculoskeletal exams on knees, shoulders and hips.     However,...
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/9/</guid>
			<author>noemail@texasneurology.com</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 04 Dec 2008 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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		<item>
			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/5/</link>
			<title>Texas Neurology now offers infusions of Reclast for patients with Osteoporosis</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;Texas Neurology will now offer Reclast for the treament&amp;nbsp;of Osteoporosis. Novartis Pharmaceuticals has added Texas Neurology as an Infusion site for this once-a-year infusion treatment for&amp;nbsp;Osteoporosis. Additional information may be obtained at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.reclast.com&quot;&gt;www.reclast.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The Infusion Center at Texas Neurology provides superior clinical expertise staffed with Registered Nurses with specialty certification in Infusion Therapy. All infusions are supervised, with an on-site physician who is readily available for patient questions regarding their infusion or treatment.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Our center was designed for our patients in order to provide a comfortable atmosphere and to provide optimal care. We have&amp;nbsp;large flat screen TVs for you to watch during your infusion, or you may bring any other personal electronics to make your visit comfortable.&amp;nbsp;We have free WiFi available as well as&amp;nbsp;a coffee and drink station.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The design of the&amp;nbsp;center allows for constant viewing by one of our dedicated staff members during your infusion. This allows for immediate access to any of our&amp;nbsp;staff to respond to your needs during your infusion. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Pleae feel free to take a tour of our center if you are considering Reclast for the treatment of your Osteoporosis. You may schedule with our office by calling 214.827.3610 ext. 244.&lt;/div&gt;
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/5/</guid>
			<author>noemail@texasneurology.com</author>
			<pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 18:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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		<item>
			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/3/</link>
			<title>D Magazine Names Texas Neurology Doctors to Best List for 2008</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;314&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/1/webDCoverTopDocs2008.jpg&quot; width=&quot;235&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;In its annual survey of Dallas area physicians, five doctors from Texas Neurology were named among the top physicians for 2008. Those named were Waleed El-Feky, Steven Herzog, Bruce Jenevein, Alan&amp;nbsp;Martin and Gary Tunell.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: underline&quot;&gt;Selection Process&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;D Magazine mailed a letter to over&amp;nbsp;4,700 local doctors, encouraging them to visit &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot; href=&quot;http://www.dmagazine.com&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;www.dmagazine.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt; to cast their votes for the Best Doctors in Dallas. In the&amp;nbsp;confidential online poll, doctors&amp;nbsp;were asked&amp;nbsp;to name two physicians they would send their patients or loved ones to in 40 specialties. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;Only those with a valid Texas medical license were eligible. An outside marketing firm tallied the results, and a panel of esteemed local physicians reviewed the list prior to publication. This list was&amp;nbsp;designed with the patient in mind; therefore, under the guidance of the panel, D Magazine&amp;nbsp;did not include specialties in which the patient has little or no say, such as anesthesiology or pathology. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 12pt&quot;&gt;Nor did they&amp;nbsp;include pediatrics, which is vast enough to warrant its own feature story (last published in April 2007). D Magazine noted&amp;nbsp;that some&amp;nbsp;specialties are broad in a few&amp;nbsp;instances. The physician list is extensive, but by no means inclusive. &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/3/</guid>
			<author>noemail@texasneurology.com</author>
			<pubDate>Tue, 14 Oct 2008 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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		<item>
			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/2/</link>
			<title>Dr. Shamim to Speak at Breakthroughs in Medicine</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 14.4pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14pt; color: #333333&quot;&gt;Breakthroughs in Medicine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 14.4pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333&quot;&gt;Baylor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333&quot;&gt; University Medical Center at Dallas will co-host a health education event on Saturday, Sept. 13, from 8 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. at the Hilton Lincoln Center, 5410 LBJ Freeway, Dallas, Texas 75240. &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
Screenings and health education booths will open at 8 a.m., and educational seminars begin at 10 a.m. Seminar topics include nutrition, asthma and exercise, lifestyle and breast cancer risk, obesity treatments, Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, solutions for back and neck pain, sleep disorders, and the role of technology in medicine.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
A seated luncheon at 1 p.m. will feature a keynote presentation on the latest strategies for heart health. For more information or to register call 1-800-4BAYLOR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/rel/2/</guid>
			<author>noemail@texasneurology.com</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 21 Aug 2008 19:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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		<item>
			<category>Jobs</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/en/j/?6</link>
			<title>Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant</title>
			<description>Title: Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant Description: Texas Neurology, P.A, located in the Lakewood area of Dallas , Texas is currently recruiting a Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant. Position responsibilities include, but are not limited to, providing patient care services through patient assessments and exams, ordering diagnostic procedures, prescribing medication, and developing treatment plans. Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant will work under the direction of assigned Physicians and will follow established medical protocols.  Texas Neurology provides a generous benefits package including, medical/dental insurance, 401K, paid holidays, and paid time off for CME/training requirements. Compensation includes a performance-based bonus structure.  Interested candidates may fax their resume with salary requirements to (214) 279.0400 or email to DEvans@texasneurology.com Required Experience:  Education Required:  Planned Duration of Employment: Full Time Position...
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/en/j/?6</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2009 05:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/anna/</link>
			<title>Anna C. Parton RN, FNP-C</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width: 568px; height: 232px&quot; width=&quot;574&quot;&gt;
	&lt;tbody&gt;
		&lt;tr&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;width: 217px; height: 226px&quot;&gt;
				&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
					&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;236&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/parton.png&quot; width=&quot;160&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
			&lt;/td&gt;
			&lt;td style=&quot;width: 357px&quot;&gt;
				&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt&quot;&gt;
					&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial&quot;&gt;Anna is a licensed and ANA certified Advance Practice Nurse with a Masters degree in Nursing.&amp;nbsp; Her Bachelor of Science in Nursing was received from Regent&amp;rsquo;s University in Albany, NY and her Masters at Regis University in Denver, CO.&amp;nbsp; She has completed post-graduate requiredments for certification in Geriatrics.&amp;nbsp; Additionally, she holds Bachelor degrees in Education and Music.&amp;nbsp; Her children laughingly tell her that her hobby is higher education.&amp;nbsp; Anna previously owned and was the sole provider for a family practice before coming to Texas Neurology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
				&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt&quot;&gt;
					&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
				&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt&quot;&gt;
					&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial&quot;&gt;Anna&amp;#39;s Clinical Research contributions are:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
				&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0pt&quot;&gt;
					&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial&quot;&gt;-Sub-Investigator for the Chronic Migraine Treatment Trial. The National Institute Neurological Disorders and Stroke Clinical Research Collaboration. (2009-present) &lt;/span&gt;
					&lt;div&gt;
						&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial&quot;&gt;-Sub-Investigator for An Open-Label Study To Evaluate the Safety of NP101, a Sumatriptan Iontophoretic Transdermal Patch, in the Treatment of Acute Migraine over 12 Months PROT-15-NP101-008. NuPathe Inc. (2008-Present)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
				&lt;/div&gt;
			&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/anna/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 2010 17:13:13 GMT</pubDate>
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			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/fibromyalgia/</link>
			<title>Fibromyalgia Center</title>
			<description> 	  	Overview  	Fibromyalgia is a common condition characterized by long-term, body-wide pain and tender points in joints, muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues. Fibromyalgia has also been linked to fatigue, morning stiffness, sleep problems, headaches, numbness in hands and feet, depression, and anxiety.  	   	Fibromyalgia can develop on its own or along with other musculoskeletal conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.  	Symptoms  	The overwhelming characteristic of fibromyalgia is long-standing, body-wide pain with defined tender points. Tender points are distinct from trigger points seen in other pain syndromes. Unlike tender points, trigger points can occur in isolation and represent a source of radiating pain, even in the absence of direct pressure.  	  	Fibromyalgia pain can mimic the pain that occurs with various types of arthritis. However, the significant swelling, destruction, and deformity of joints seen in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis does not occur...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/fibromyalgia/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 2010 16:56:10 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/epilepsy/</link>
			<title>The Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at Texas Neurology</title>
			<description> The Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at Texas Neurology cares for patients with seizures and related disorders.    The Center&amp;#8217;s services include outpatient and inpatient consultative services, an inpatient epilepsy-monitoring unit, brain mapping, epilepsy surgery, and intraoperative electrocorticography. The center, which serves the North Texas area places great attention upon meeting the comprehensive needs of individuals with seizure disorders. The epilepsy program utilizes the inpatient epilepsy monitoring program at Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas.     The Center's extensive program offers expert help to:         Adults and teenagers with seizure disorders who have not yet been definitively diagnosed          Those who have already had a diagnosis of epilepsy but are seeking improved management or control        The Center's goals are to help patients understand epilepsy, learn about the latest therapy options and make informed decisions about their treatment....

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/epilepsy/</guid>
			<pubDate>Fri, 07 May 2010 17:12:06 GMT</pubDate>
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			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/electrodiagnosticclinic/</link>
			<title>Electrodiagnostic Clinic</title>
			<description> The Electrodiagnostic Clinic at Texas Neurology is staffed by board certified neurologists with additional subspecialty training and board certifications in both EMG and Neuromuscular Medicine and provides the following services to referring physicians and patients:     Electromyography (EMG) Studies    Neurological Consultation with EMG    Electrodiagnostic studies can assist with establishing a diagnosis, as well as identify other relevant problems, define the severity and chronicity of the disorder, and/or provide information useful for recovery, prognosis, and treatment.     The Electrodiagnostic Clinic offers:     Timely Appointments     Reports to Physicians within 24 hours     Accept most major insurance carriers including Medicare and Medicare Advantge Plans     Free Patient Parking    To schedule an appointment please call 214.827.3610 ext. 247 or you may email the scheduling coordinator at edxscheduling@texasneurology.com.          The Electrodiagnostic Clinic physicians...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/electrodiagnosticclinic/</guid>
			<pubDate>Fri, 07 May 2010 17:09:05 GMT</pubDate>
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			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/clinicaltrials/</link>
			<title>Clinical Trials</title>
			<description> Texas Neurology has a long, rich tradition of excellence in clinical research. Our physicians have over 40 years combined experience in pharmaceutical research, and are committed to advancing medical science through clinical trials.    Clinical trials are those in which volunteers receive investigational or marketed medications or devices under the supervision of a physician. Pharmaceutical companies select qualified medical practitioners to conduct these trials in order to establish the benefits of investigational drugs. Currently, Texas Neurology is conducting trials in the following areas:    Alzheimer's Disease  Epilepsy  Migraine  Neuromuscular Disorders - ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease)  Mutiple Sclerosis         For more information, or if you would like to participate in a clinical trial, please contact us at (214) 279-0310 or you may contact us by email:        Carmen Garcia cgarcia@texasneurology.com   OR   Brent Spears  bspears@texasneurology.com    For information about...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/clinicaltrials/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 22 Apr 2010 17:20:44 GMT</pubDate>
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			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/patientinformation/</link>
			<title>Patient Information</title>
			<description> Click here to download a PDF of the full Patient Information Guide    Texas Neurology strives to provide patient-friendly services. Our courteous and well-trained staff is here to assist you with your healthcare needs and make your visit to our office as hassle free as possible. The following information will assist you in your care.  Practice Description  Texas Neurology is a group practice of 8 board certified neurologists who are each trained to provide the highest level of care. Many of our physicians specialize or have a particular interest in specific disorders; however, all of our physicians are able to care for patients with any neurological disorder. More information on our practice description can be found in the full Patient Information Guide.  Office Hours  Our physicians and nurses maintain regular office hours Monday through Friday including morning and afternoon appointments.  Test Results  In the event that your test results are abnormal, you will be contacted...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/patientinformation/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 22 Apr 2010 16:40:57 GMT</pubDate>
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		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/about/</link>
			<title>About Us</title>
			<description>Texas Neurology is committed to providing the best in neurological care. Our doctors work closely with referring physicians to diagnose and treat disorders of the nervous system including diseases of the brain, nerves, muscles and spinal cord. These include Muscular Dystrophy, ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and seizure disorders. In addition, we provide long term treatment and continuing care to patients with chronic neurological disorders.       To help ensure that patients are benefiting from the latest technology and medical resources, Texas Neurology has developed the following specialty centers; ALS Center, Epilepsy Center, Headache Institute, Diagnostic Imaging Center, Sleep Disorders Center, Electrodiagnostic Clinic, and Infusion Center. Each speciality center includes doctors and staff that are experts in that particular area. This offers our patients on-site convenience in addition to a full range of testing.       ...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/about/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 22 Apr 2010 15:48:33 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/fibromyalgia-resources/</link>
			<title>Fibromyalgia Resources</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ASSOCIATION &amp;amp; COMMUNITY WEBSITES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.theacpa.org&quot;&gt;American Chronic Pain Association&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.painfoundation.org&quot;&gt;American Pain Foundation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.fmnetnews.com&quot;&gt;Fibromyalgia Network&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.fmaware.org&quot;&gt;National Fibromyalgia Association (NFA)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org&quot;&gt;National Fibromyalgia Research Association (NFRA)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org&quot;&gt;The National Pain Foundation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.healthywomen.org/healthtopics/fibromyalgia&quot;&gt;National Women's Health Resource Center&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;











&lt;div&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MEDICAL WEBSITES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.rheumatology.org&quot;&gt;American College of Rheumatology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/pain/disorders&quot;&gt;Familydoctor.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.mayoclinic.com&quot;&gt;MayoClinic.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.webmd.com/fibromyalgia&quot;&gt;WebMD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;






&lt;div&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GOVERNMENT WEBSITES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fibromyalgia&quot;&gt;Medline Plus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a target=&quot;_blank&quot; href=&quot;http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/fibromyalgia&quot;&gt;National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/fibromyalgia-resources/</guid>
			<pubDate>Mon, 19 Apr 2010 20:35:32 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/josie/</link>
			<title>Josie McGray, NP</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;border-left-color: #ffffff; border-bottom-color: #ffffff; border-top-color: #ffffff; border-right-color: #ffffff&quot; height=&quot;225&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.texasneurology.com/tpeople/wwwTexasNeurology4.1/iseladv/photos/141/Josie-m.jpg&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; border=&quot;10&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Josie is a licensed Family Nurse Practitioner, board certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center. She received her Bachelor of Arts from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, majoring in Psychological Sciences with an emphasis on Psychopathology and Cognitive Neuroscience.&amp;nbsp; She went on to complete her training at Vanderbilt University School of Nursing and received her Masters of Science in Nursing, specializing in Family Health.&amp;nbsp; Josie is originally from Austin, Texas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.texasneurology.com/josie/</guid>
			<pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2010 23:04:24 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.texasneurology.com/educationalmaterials/</link>
			<title>Educational Materials</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;EDUCATION:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/52ProvenStressReducers_NHF.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;52 Proven Stress Reducers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/TheCompleteHeadacheChart_NHF.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;The Complete Headache Chart&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/CommonSymptomsOfMigraine.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Common Symptoms Of Migraine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/DistinguishingSinusHeadacheFromMigraine_NHF.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Distinguishing Sinus Headache From Migraine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/ER_Treatment_Form.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;ER Treatment Form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/FoodAdditivesAndMigraines.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Food Additives And Migraines&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/TenDayPrednisoneProtocol.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/MenstruallyRelatedMigraine.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Menstrually Related Migraine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/LowTyramineDiet.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Low Tyramine Diet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/TipsForBetterSleep.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Tips For Better Sleep&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/WhatTriggersAMigraine_Relpax.com.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;What Triggers A Migraine&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;TREATMENTS:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/72/TenDayPrednisoneProtocol.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ten Day Prednisone Protocol&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;RECOMMENDED READING:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Heal Your Headache&lt;/em&gt; by Dr. David Buchholtz&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Headache Relief&amp;nbsp;for Women&lt;/em&gt; by Dr. Alan Rappaport&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tell Me What to Eat/Headache&lt;/em&gt; by Elaine McGee R.D.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Migraine Brain&lt;/em&gt; by Dr. Carolyn Bernstein&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;RESOURCES:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.headaches.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;National Headache Foundation&lt;/a&gt; 
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.achenet.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;American Council for Headache Education (ACHE)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aan.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;American Academy of Neurology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ama-assn.org/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;American Medical Association&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;

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			<pubDate>Wed, 17 Feb 2010 16:04:49 GMT</pubDate>
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			<category>Survey</category>
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&lt;p&gt;Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci taion ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex en commodo consequat. Duis te feugifacilisi per suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex en commodo consequat.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diem nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut lacreet dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat. &lt;/p&gt;

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			<category>photos</category>
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		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
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		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
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		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
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		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
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		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
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			<category>photos</category>
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		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
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		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
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		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
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<item>
<title>Lorem ipsum</title>
<category>Courses</category>
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<description><![CDATA[Instructor: Instructor<br><br>

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]]></description>
<dc:subject>Course</dc:subject>
<dc:date>2008-06-06T18:09:13Z</dc:date>
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